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17. Introduction Ion-exchange membrane (IEM) based flow batteries are currently intensively investigated because of the growing interest in large-scale energy storage devices including stationary applications. Among these devices, rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are important for on-site renewable energy storage. Despite the large potential of practical applications, however, there remain some issues in terms of energy density, cycle life and cost. ZIBs have a particular advantage in terms of the cost per kWh; however, there is a trade-off between their cost and energy density. On the basis of characteristics relevant to high-energy density batteries, ultra-channels have recently been employed as the flow direction of electrolytes. In this study, we considered mechanical-fracturing of ultra-channels and proposed a method for enhancing the breakability of the channels using a Cu-modified nanolaminate IEM. Copper ion facilitates the mechanical fracture of the IEMs composed of polysulfone and polyphosphazene. This in turn may facilitate improved cycle life and power output in the flow cell and provide new alternatives for substrate materials. The incorporation of copper into the IEMs improved fracture toughness at room temperature but eroded the pore structure of the IEMs. This approach is promising as a way to dramatically improve the processibility of non-interpenetrating networks (non-IPNs), which are gaining popularity as substrates for IEMs. Using irreversibly crosslinked polyphosphazene-polysuflone (PPS) IEMs, we found that the mechanical strength of the IEMs increased with increasing crosslinking. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the mechanical deterioration of the IEMs owing to the incorporation of copper was a result of loss of the crosslinking points by oxidation and the incorporation of copper into the IEMs.』 Gaussian 09 Crack 18. Experimental Section. A size and shape of the IEM sample were designed based on the ultra-channel structure. Two different ultra-channel structures, u-channel type and super-channel, were manufactured using a polymer cast from the IEM solution. 19. Results and Discussion The fracture toughness of IEMs with different crosslinking degrees was compared because it is a significant property for mechanical fracture. d2c66b5586